3.2.2.3 Meaning and representation
How places may be represented in a variety of different forms, such as advertising copy, tourist agency material and local art exhibitions in diverse media (eg film, photography, art, story, song, etc), that often give contrasting images to that presented formally or statistically, such as cartography and census data.

3.2.2.2.2 Quantitative and qualitative skills

• Students must engage with a range of quantitative and qualitative approaches across the theme as a whole.
• Quantitative data, including the use of geospatial data, must be used to investigate and present place characteristics, particular weight must be given to qualitative approaches involved in representing place, and to analysing critically the impacts of different media on place meanings and perceptions.
• The use of different types of data should allow the development of critical perspectives on the data categories and approaches.

Learning outcomes
This lesson will help students to understand:

• The difference between qualitative and quantitative sources of geographical information.
• What considerations must be made regarding reliability when using qualitative sources.
• What are the common qualitative sources of information used in presenting place characteristics and what their strengths and weaknesses are.

Suggested timing
1 hour

3.1.1.3 The carbon cycle
Changes in the carbon cycle over time, to include natural variation (including wildfires, volcanic activity) and human impact (including hydrocarbon fuel extraction and burning, farming practices, deforestation and land use changes).

Learning outcomes
This lesson will help students to understand:

• How natural events, such as wildfires and volcanic eruptions, alter the carbon cycle.
• The relative impact of natural events and human activity on the carbon cycle.

Suggested timing
1 hour

3.1.3.4 Coastal management
Human intervention in coastal landscapes. Traditional approaches to coastal flood and erosion risk: hard and soft engineering. Sustainable approaches to coastal flood risk and coastal erosion management: shoreline management/integrated coastal zone management.

Learning outcomes
This lesson will help students to understand:

• Why different approaches to coastal management are needed.
• The costs and benefits of traditional approaches.
• How sustainable integrated approaches to coastal management can be used to protect coastal communities.
• The difference between shoreline management plans and integrated coastal zone management.
• The different values and attitudes towards coastal management.

Suggested timing
2 to 3 hours