Starter

What are the key issues caused by urbanisation in the twenty-first century?
How do these issues vary between low and high income countries?

A. Urban sprawl

A. Urban sprawl

Urban sprawl is defined as the spread of an urban area into the surrounding countryside.

A. Urban sprawl

Urban sprawl is defined as the spread of an urban area into the surrounding countryside.

• linked to the processes of urbanisation and suburbanisation and
• has traditionally occurred in an uncontrolled and unplanned fashion.

A. Urban sprawl

Negative impacts:

• it requires more roads and infrastructure such as pipes, cables and wires.
• the reach of urban sprawl into rural areas ranks as one of the main causes of wildlife habitat loss.
• causes more commuting from the suburbs to the city and thus more fuel consumption and traffic congestion.
• increase air pollution
  - more car-dependent lifestyle
  - higher temperatures in line with the urban heat island effect.

A. Urban sprawl

Negative impacts:

• contribution to the loss of farmland and open spaces
• serious impact on water quality and quantity.
• decentralisation

Task 1

Read the text on p.398-400 Hodder textbook (Fifth edition):

• B. Shortage of housing in lower-income countries
• C. Shortage of affordable housing in higher-income cities
• D. Lack of urban services and waste disposa
• E. Unemployment and under employment
• F. Transport issues

Question: Examine the issues associated with economic inequality in urban areas. (9 marks)

Task 2

In the context of Urbanisation and Changing places, Discuss on homogenisation, clone towns and placelessness.[9 marks]